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8. Theories (Inferences) 1 + 2 = Effect

Based on the theoretical considerations (1) - (4), the anticorrosion effect of the S/ electron-wave water treatment unit could well be explained by theories (inferences) 1 and 2 below.

(1) Theory 1

Iron can obtain a broad range of oxidation-reduction potentials. When excited by S-wave, iron transits from a low-energy state to a high-energy state, rising to a level where it has more difficulty reacting with oxygen. Once the supply of S-wave is stopped, the iron gradually returns to the previous state of lower energy level.

That is, after S-wave energy is stopped, the iron retained in high-excited state is attracted by thermodynamically free energy toward iron rusting and again undergoes corrosion. The effect of difference in energy level applies to other elements as well. An aged tree has mushroom grown on it, but a young tree of the same size and same species bears fruit. Likely, there are different energy levels for different ferrous irons. A ferrous ion having a low energy level easily reacts with oxygen, whereas one having a high energy level is more resistant to the reaction. A ferric iron, on its part, could turn to a ferrous iron.

(2) Theory 2

Corrosions in steel pipe are composed of metal elements (mainly iron) and organic compounds. All metal elements have positive charges. A water molecule has two positive charges from hydrogen and two negative charges from oxygen. When excited, the energy level rises. The negative oxygen part of water is absorbed to a positive metal element in the pipe. Since both are excited, the mutual attracting force increases. The positive hydrogen part of water is absorbed to the negative part of an organic compound. Water molecules, which are 2.8 angstroms in diameter and 3 x 10 to the 22th power in quantity per gram of water, are absorbed densely all over the surface in the pipe. Dissolved oxygen molecules have difficulty approaching rusts, since they are larger in size by one oxygen atom than water molecules and are fewer in number. Water molecule groups like icebergs are broken by S-wave into innumerable small spheres, which are applied as a paint of water molecules over the inner surface of the pipe. This makes the surface more resistant to reaction with dissolved oxygen.

It may be hard to believe that 5 to 20% of water in soil is called coordinated water and crystal water, which cannot be utilized even by plant roots. Coordinated water is electrically absorbed to soil particles, so it cannot move. Crystal water refers to water hardened in a substance, like an aggregate in concrete Water on Mars is considered to be these types of water.

Reference:
Activated Iron Ions Having Metal Atoms and Slime Particles Attached. In Aerobic Good Microbes in Action in the Industrial World. 2002/12 issue of trade journal "Setsubi to Kanri (Facilities and Maintenance)," P.57-62, Ohmsha.

9. Microorganism-Induced Corrosion Phenomenon

Slime in open-circuit water cooling systems consists of proliferated algae, sediment, dust, etc., while scales are a compound of impurities (silica, calcium, magnesium, iron, etc.) which are condensed and separated from water. Slimes and scales which attach to and deposit in heat exchanger copper tubes, for example, are mixtures of various substances.

These mixtures have high concentrations of air from the cooling tower and underground water used as make-up water, resulting in various microorganisms suitable for such an environmental existing there. As such a mixture covers a copper surface, the "galvanic action of corrosion" and the "corrosion effect induced by microorganisms" gradually oxidize and destabilize the copper protective coat, which may locally elute copper ions.

As a natural consequence, thermal efficiency decreases (see our Web site at http://www.asahi-lining.co.jp/), the area becomes a hotbed of bad fungi, which grow back soon after cleaning of the cooling tower. A countermeasure is to remove the mixtures. The best way, from energy saving and environmental points of view, is to prevent the mixtures from sprouting and attaching.

The physical water treatment unit cannot decompose algae, slime, and Legionella bacteria. This is quite natural because they are strong living organisms. A recommended means for decomposing and removing such harmful things in a harmless way is the combined use of the Unit and aerobic good microbes (ME-Bio).

Authored by Yasuo Sakakura President, ASAHI INC.